Advances in Groundnut Research: Breeding, Agronomy, and Disease Management

Abstract

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a vital crop with significant contributions to global agriculture, nutrition, and economies. This review highlights advancements in groundnut breeding, disease management, and diagnostic technologies while addressing challenges and future prospects. Innovative breeding techniques such as marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, and CRISPR/Cas9 have enabled the development of drought-tolerant, disease-resistant, and high-quality groundnut varieties. Integrated disease management strategies combining cultural practices, resistant cultivars, biocontrol agents, and reduced chemical inputs have enhanced sustainable disease control. Advances in biocontrol agents and molecular diagnostics, including AI-driven tools, provide precise and eco-friendly solutions for disease management. However, a gap persists between research innovations and their field application. Strengthened extension services, supportive policies, and collaborative efforts are necessary to overcome this issue. Future opportunities include leveraging low-cost diagnostics, AI technologies, and sustainable practices to address emerging challenges. This review underscores the importance of continued research, innovation, and dissemination strategies to enhance groundnut productivity, sustainability, and farmer livelihoods globally.